Understanding Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) and Immunity
The Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) test is a crucial diagnostic tool used to determine immunity to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Here’s how HBsAb indicates immunity:
Positive HBsAb Test Result:
A positive or "reactive" HBsAb test result indicates the presence of surface antibodies in the blood. This typically means that the person has either recovered from a past HBV infection or has been successfully vaccinated against hepatitis B. In both cases, the presence of HBsAb suggests that the immune system has developed a protective response against the virus, providing immunity and preventing future infections.
Mechanism of Immunity:
The immune system produces HBsAb in response to exposure to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), either through natural infection or vaccination. These antibodies can neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting liver cells and causing disease. The presence of HBsAb is a marker of the body's ability to recognize and combat HBV if exposed again.
Role in Seroconversion:
In patients with chronic HBV infection, the presence of HBsAb-specific B cells can predict the likelihood of HBsAg seroconversion, which is a key indicator of successful antiviral therapy. Effective B-cell responses, including the secretion of HBsAb, are essential for clearing the virus and achieving long-term immunity.
Interpretation of Test Results:
A positive HBsAb result alone indicates immunity due to vaccination.
If both HBsAb and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) are positive, it suggests immunity due to past natural infection.
A negative HBsAb result means the person is not immune and may need vaccination.
Citations:
[1] https://www.verywellhealth.com/hbsab-hepatitis-b-surface-antibody-1759935
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569346/
[3] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hepatitis-b-surface-antibody
[4] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hep-b-non-reactive
[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909642/
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